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TED演讲者：Anushka Ratnayake / 阿奴诗卡 · 拉特纳亚克
演讲标题：A transparent, easy way for smallholder farmers to save / 一种透明、简单的小农储蓄方式
内容概要：A safe space to save money is life-changing -- especially for the 60 million smallholder farmers in West Africa (the majority being women) who often live on less than two dollars a day. Poverty fighter Anushka Ratnayake introduces her nonprofit myAgro, which offers farmers a place to save small amounts of money and allows them to access those funds as they need them. Over the next five years, myAgro plans to reach a million farmers in West Africa, providing a stress-free, transparent and convenient system that empowers agricultural entrepreneurs by putting the purchasing power it takes to run a successful farm in their hands. (This ambitious plan is a part of the Audacious Project, TED's initiative to inspire and fund global change.)
一个安全的储蓄场所可以改变生活，特别是对每天的生活费不足两美元的西非 6000 万小农户（大部分是妇女）来说。扶贫斗士阿奴诗卡 · 拉特纳亚克（Anushka Ratnayake）介绍了她的非营利组织 myAgro，该组织为农民提供了一个储蓄小额资金的地方，并允许他们在需要的时候取出这些资金。在未来 5 年，myAgro 计划覆盖西非 100 万农民，提供一个无压力、透明和便捷的系统，通过将经营一个成功农场所需的购买力赋予农民企业家自己，使其更加强大。（这个雄心勃勃的计划是 TED 激励和资助全球发展变化的 Audacious Project 的一部分。）
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【1】In West Africa, where I live, there are 60 million smallholder farmers.
在我生活的西非, 那里有 6000 万小农户。
【2】Smallholder farmers are the largest group of people living on less than two dollars a day.
他们是每天生活费 不足两美元的最大群体。
【3】Many go hungry each year because they don't grow enough to eat.
每年都有很多人挨饿, 因为他们种的粮食不够吃。
【4】Government subsidies, which could be as much as 90 million in a single year for a country, don't meet full demand and are often driven to large farms and male farmers, even though women are the backbone of farming in Africa.
国家每年 可能高达 9000 万的政府补贴 并不能满足所有需求, 而且尽管妇女才是非洲农业的支柱, 补贴往往流向大型农场 和男性农民那里。
【5】Despite these investments, yields per hectare haven't increased significantly in over four decades.
尽管有这些资助, 但每公顷农田的产量在 40 多年来 并没有显着增加。
【6】So smallholder farmers earn the bulk of their cash at harvest time, but then, fast-forward nine months later, at planting time, they're cash-poor again.
小农户在收获季节挣到大部分的钱, 但到了 9 个月后的播种季节, 他们就又缺钱了。
【7】The prevailing assumption is that farmers need grants, subsidies or credit in order to be able to invest in their farms.
普遍的设想是农民需要拨款、 补贴或信贷, 才有能力投资他们的农田。
【8】But we found a surprising insight.
我们发现了一个令人惊讶的见解。
【9】The fundamental problem isn't that farmers have no cash.
根本的问题不是农民没有钱。
【10】It's that they don't have it when they need it.
而是当他们需要用钱的时候, 他们手头上没有。
【11】I first came across this paradox in 2008, when I was working in microcredit.
我在 2008 年从事小额信贷工作时, 首次接触到这个悖论,
【12】Farmers would ask me things like, "Can I over-repay my loan for next year's loan?"
农民们会问我一些问题比如, “我可以为明年的贷款 超额还贷吗？”
【13】or, "Hey, could I repay my loan a year in advance?"
或者“我可以提前一年还贷吗？”
【14】Even though they were using the language of credit, what they were actually describing was a need to save.
虽然他们讲的是信贷术语, 但实际上他们表达的是 一种储蓄的需求。
【15】But do farmers have any money to save?
但是农民有钱存储吗？
【16】Do people living on less than two dollars a day have any money to save?
每天生活费不到两美元的人 有钱可存吗？
【17】Well, it turns out that they do, just in very small increments.
事实证明他们有, 只是能存的量很少。
【18】At a local market, they might sell a few eggs for a dollar, or sell a goat for 10, work on someone else's farm, and over time, you can imagine how that money could add up.
在当地市场, 他们可以卖几个鸡蛋挣 1 美元, 或卖一只山羊挣 10 美元, 也可以在别人的农场工作赚钱, 随着时间的推移, 你可以想象这些钱会怎样增加。
【19】But many farmers live far away from banks, so they hold that money on them, or they hide it at home, where it's at risk of theft, fire, even flood.
但很多农民住得远离银行, 所以他都把钱放在身上, 或者藏在家里, 这样他们就面临着被盗、 火灾甚至洪水的风险。
【20】And hey, even without those risks, money at home is tempting.
而且即使没有这些风险, 钱留在家里也会诱人消费。
【21】It's hard to hold on to cash.
想留住现金是很困难的。
【22】And sometimes, the smartest thing to do might be to spend it.
有时最明智的做法 可能就是把钱花掉。
【23】So the real problem that farmers face is that they lack a safe place to save.
所以农民面临的真正问题是 他们缺少安全的储蓄场所。
【24】And if they could save, they could afford to buy what they need to make their farms more productive and resilient to climate change.
如果他们能够储蓄, 他们就能够买得起他们需要的东西, 从而使他们的农场更加高产, 以及更能应对气候变化。
【25】This is a 100-billion-dollar problem in sub-Saharan Africa each year.
这是个关乎于撒哈拉以南非洲地区 每年 1000 亿美元的问题。
【26】Setou, a peanut farmer in Mali, was facing a similar challenge.
在马里,种花生的农民泽图（Setou） 也面临过着类似的挑战。
【27】When we met in 2014, she was feeling overwhelmed.
当 2014 年我们相遇时, 她感到不知所措。
【28】Climate change was hurting her harvest, and at planting time, she didn't even have money to rent a cow to plow her farm, let alone money for improved seeds and fertilizer.
气候变化当时正损害她的收成, 并且她甚至没有钱在播种的时候 租一头牛来犁地, 更不用说买改良种子和肥料了。
【29】But we realized she could have saved for what she needed if she had a safe place to do so.
但我们意识到, 如果她有一个安全的储蓄场所, 她就可以为她需要的东西存钱了。
【30】Our nonprofit, myAgro, helps farmers in Mali, Senegal and Tanzania save up, little by little, for the improved seeds and fertilizer they need.
我们的非营利组织 myAgro, 帮助马里、塞内加尔和坦桑尼亚的农民 一点点地逐渐攒钱, 来购买他们需要的改良种子和肥料。
【31】Together, these help improve harvests and generate a 3x return on their investment.
总之,这些会帮助提高收成 并产生 3 倍的投资回报。
【32】Here's how the program works.
这个项目是这样运行的。
【33】We start with a young entrepreneur like Demba.
我们从年轻企业家登巴 （Demba）开始入手。
【34】We equip him with a smartphone and our app, myAgro Connect, so that he can manage his sales territory.
我们给他配备的智能手机里有应用程序 myAgro Connect, 这样他就可以管理他的销售区域了。
【35】At harvest time, Demba visits farmers in his village and asks them if they want to sign up for a myAgro package to improve their harvest and income.
在收获季节, 登巴会拜访同村的农民, 询问他们是否愿意签约 myAgro 项目 以提高他们的收成和收入。
【36】After a farmer signs up, they can pay slowly, over the course of nine months.
在农民签约之后, 他们可以在未来 9 个月里 慢慢进行支付。
【37】To collect their savings payments, we replicate the way people buy prepaid minutes for their phone.
为了收集他们的储蓄付款, 我们采取了与人们购买手机预付分钟 相同的方式。
【38】It's really simple - you buy a scratch card, scratch off the back, and a unique code appears, which you text in to validate your payment.
这方法真的很简单 买一张刮卡, 刮掉背面的涂层 就会出现唯一编码, 通过短信发送编码 就可以验明你的话费支付。
【39】We use the same technology to help farmers save up for the planting period, and because farmers are familiar with how it works, they trust it and use it correctly.
我们用同样的方法 帮助农民为播种期储蓄, 同时因为农民们 熟悉它的运行过程, 他们信任它并能正确地使用。
【40】It's also so much more transparent than traditional methods, which is usually, you hand over your cash to an agent, without any receipt.
它也比传统的 只是让你把钱交给代理人 而没有任何收据的方法透明很多。
【41】With our platform, we know exactly who has made a payment and when and how much the village entrepreneur needs to transfer to us.
有了我们的平台, 我们确切地知道谁支付了款项, 以及农村企业家 需要在何时向我们转账多少。
【42】A farmer can also pay directly via mobile money, if they have it.
如果有智能手机的话, 农民也可直接在手机上移动支付。
【43】Farmers are able to save up in a way that's joyful.
农民能够以一种快乐的方式储蓄。
【44】They often hold on to their scratch cards, and they look at them with awe and pride of how much they've been able to save over time.
他们经常拿着自己的刮卡, 怀着敬意和自豪的心情 看着这些卡, 看看他们随着时间的推移 存了多少钱。
【45】It's transparent, convenient and stress-free.
这种方式透明、便捷 并且没有压力。
【46】Tell me, when was the last time your bank made you that happy?
和我讲讲,银行上一次让你这么开心 是在什么时候？
【47】Designing - Designing a savings plan this way has made it particularly easy for women.
设计 设计这种方式的储蓄计划 对女性来说尤其容易使用。
【48】They value the democratic access to seeds and fertilizer, and the savings cadence matches the small amounts of money they earn each week at local markets.
他们看重以民主的方式 来获取种子和肥料, 这种储蓄节奏 与她们每周在当地市场 赚取的少量金钱相匹配。
【49】In a region where 20 percent of women own a bank account, 60 percent of myAgro farmers are women.
在一个只有 20% 的女性 拥有银行账户的地区里, 女性占了 myAgro 的用户的 60%。
【50】In 2021, the average myAgro farmer grew two times more food than non-myAgro farmers in the same area.
在 2021 年,myAgro 用户的平均粮产量 在同一地区比非 myAgro 用户多两倍。
【51】This translates to 200 dollars of additional net income.
这相当于额外净收入 200 美元。
【52】For context, for a farmer living on 1.50 per day, that's a 35 percent increase.
举个例子,对于每天生活费 为 1.5 美元的农民, 这意味着 35% 的收入增长。
【53】And by expanding the purchasing power for smallholder farmers, the financial prospects of young entrepreneurs like Dembe are also improving.
通过扩大小农户的购买力, 像登巴这样的年轻企业家的财务前景 也在得到改善。
【54】Before myAgro, he was doing OK selling goods on his own, but now, selling seeds and fertilizer to his community via our model, he is thriving.
在加入 myAgro 之前, 他靠自己卖东西赚得还行, 但现在通过我们的模式 向他的社区出售种子和肥料 使他的生意蒸蒸日上。
【55】He bought two freezers to expand his business, and he dreams of building a home for his family.
为了扩大业务,他买了两个冰柜, 并且还梦想着为家人建一个家。
【56】Last year, Dembe served 400 farmers in his village.
登巴去年为他同村的 400 个农民 提供了服务。
【57】Using a savings-led model has many benefits.
使用储蓄主导模式有很多好处。
【58】For the farmers, it's reliable and low-stress.
对农民来说, 这是可靠和低负担的。
【59】For the organization, it means we don't need to raise large amounts of working capital each year.
对于整个非盈利组织来说, 这意味着我们不需要每年筹集 大量的运营资金。
【60】Instead, we're unlocking capital from farmers directly.
相反的是, 我们直接从农民那里释放资金。
【61】And by offering farmers a trusted and transparent way to save their own money, they are breaking the cycle of poverty for their families and entering a cycle of investment and growth.
通过向农民提供一个 可信且透明的方式 来帮他们节省自己的钱, 他们正在打破他们家庭的贫困循环, 并且进入投资和增长的循环。
【62】Meanwhile, Setou has transformed her life, all with the power of her own savings and farming.
与此同时, 泽图用自己的储蓄和耕种 改变了她的生活。
【63】In 2014, she decided to try us and planted a quarter of her peanut farm with us.
她在 2014 年决定尝试加入我们, 并用自家花生地的四分之一 参与了我们的项目。
【64】Each year, with her increased profits, she reinvested a portion in building her assets.
随着每年利润的增加, 她都会将一部分利润 再投资于资产建设。
【65】Today, she owns ten cows, which she rents out to her neighbors to earn additional income.
如今她拥有十头牛, 她可以将其出租给邻居来赚取额外的收入。
【66】Last year, she planted her entire one-hectare peanut farm with myAgro.
去年,她使用 myAgro 种植了 全部 1 公顷的花生地。
【67】And with her profit, she proudly moved her family from their one-bedroom home ...
有了利润之后, 她自豪地把家人从只有一居室的房子里
【68】to this.
搬到了这里。
【69】And now, the next generation is benefiting from Setou's smart farm investments.
现在,下一代正受益于 泽图英明的农场投资。
【70】When we get this model to scale, it will be transformational.
当我们将这种模式规模化时, 它将变得是变革性的。
【71】Today, we serve over 100,000 farmers, and with investments in data and technology, our audacious vision is to reach one million farmers in the next five years.
如今,我们为超过十万名农民 提供服务, 同时通过对数据和技术的投资, 我们大胆的愿景是在未来 5 年内 覆盖 100 万农民。
【72】We believe we can harness the power of farmers' own savings to greatly reduce poverty and hunger in West Africa.
我们相信我们能够利用 农民自己的储蓄 来大大减少西非的贫穷和饥饿。
【73】Now is the time to use a savings-led approach to ending poverty for farmers.
是到了用储蓄为主导的方法 来结束农民贫穷的时候了。
【74】Thank you.
谢谢大家。
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