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003：认识10多种GIS数据格式：EsriJSON、GeoJSON、TopoJSON、Polyline等

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文章目录

一、示例简介二、数据格式 WKT(well-known text): MVT: IGC: Polyline : GML2( Geography Markup Language): GML3: WMSGetFeatureInfo: GPX: KML( Keyhole Markup Language ): OSMXML: WFS(web feature service): GeoJSON TopoJSON EsriJSON 三、文献参考

一、示例简介

openlayers中包含了许多格式的数据，我们简单的来看一下其中的格式是什么样子的。

文章目录

一、示例简介二、数据格式 WKT(well-known text): MVT: IGC: Polyline : GML2( Geography Markup Language): GML3: WMSGetFeatureInfo: GPX: KML( Keyhole Markup Language ): OSMXML: WFS(web feature service): GeoJSON TopoJSON EsriJSON 三、文献参考

二、数据格式

WKT(well-known text ):

POLYGON ((35 10, 45 45, 15 40, 10 20, 35 10),
(20 30, 35 35, 30 20, 20 30))

MVT:

矢量瓦片数据编码格式，多用于MapBox

IGC:

飞行记录文件,*.igc

Polyline :

google推出的矢量有损压缩格式，将要素转为 字符串

Points: (38.5, -120.2), (40.7, -120.95), (43.252, -126.453)
可转为：
_p~iF~ps|U_ulLnnqC_mqNvxq`@

GML2( Geography Markup Language):

     <gml:Polygon>
         <gml:outerBoundaryIs>
         		<gml:LinearRing>
                 <gml:coordinates>0,0 100,0 100,100 0,100 0,0</gml:coordinates>
                 </gml:LinearRing>
        </gml:outerBoundaryIs>
     </gml:Polygon>
     <gml:Point>
        <gml:coordinates>100,200</gml:coordinates>
     </gml:Point>
     <gml:LineString>
        <gml:coordinates>100,200 150,300</gml:coordinates>
     </gml:LineString>

GML3:

GML1.0和GML2.0支持的数据格式有：

Point
LineString
Polygon

GML3.0增加描述覆盖信息的结构，如遥感影像

WMSGetFeatureInfo:

通过wms影像服务获取矢量数据

myns:Property2 … myns:Property2
<myns:Property3 xlink:href="#2"/>
myns:Property4
<myns:Feature gml:id=“5”>
…
</myns:Feature>
</myns:Property4>
</myns:Feature>
</wfs:member>
</wfs:FeatureCollection>

GPX:

通用GPS数据格式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no" ?>

<gpx xmlns="http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1" xmlns:gpxx="http://www.garmin.com/xmlschemas/GpxExtensions/v3" xmlns:gpxtpx="http://www.garmin.com/xmlschemas/TrackPointExtension/v1" creator="Oregon 400t" version="1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1 http://www.topografix.com/GPX/1/1/gpx.xsd http://www.garmin.com/xmlschemas/GpxExtensions/v3 http://www.garmin.com/xmlschemas/GpxExtensionsv3.xsd http://www.garmin.com/xmlschemas/TrackPointExtension/v1 http://www.garmin.com/xmlschemas/TrackPointExtensionv1.xsd">
  <metadata>
    <link href="http://www.garmin.com">
      <text>Garmin International</text>
    </link>
    <time>2009-10-17T22:58:43Z</time>
  </metadata>
  <trk>
    <name>Example GPX Document</name>
    <trkseg>
      <trkpt lat="47.644548" lon="-122.326897">
        <ele>4.46</ele>
        <time>2009-10-17T18:37:26Z</time>
      </trkpt>
      <trkpt lat="47.644548" lon="-122.326897">
        <ele>4.94</ele>
        <time>2009-10-17T18:37:31Z</time>
      </trkpt>
      <trkpt lat="47.644548" lon="-122.326897">
        <ele>6.87</ele>
        <time>2009-10-17T18:37:34Z</time>
      </trkpt>
    </trkseg>
  </trk>
</gpx>

KML( Keyhole Markup Language ):

KML 是一种文件格式，用于在地球 浏览器 （例如 Google 地球、Google 地图和 Google 地图移动版）中显示地理数据。KML 使用包含嵌套的元素和属性的结构（基于标记），并符合 XML 标准。所有标记都区分大小写，并且必须与 KML 参考中列出的完全一样。该参考指出了哪些标记是可选的。在给定元素内，标记必须按照参考中列出的顺序显示。

<kml xmlns=“http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2”>
<Folder>
  <name>Folder.kml</name>
  <open>1</open>
  <description>
    A folder is a container that can hold multiple other objects
  </description>
  <Placemark>
    <name>Folder object 1 (Placemark)</name>
    <Point>
      <coordinates>-122.377588,37.830266,0</coordinates>
    </Point>
  </Placemark>
  <Placemark>
    <name>Folder object 2 (Polygon)</name>
    <Polygon>
      <outerBoundaryIs>
        <LinearRing>
          <coordinates>
            -122.377830,37.830445,0
            -122.377576,37.830631,0
            -122.377840,37.830642,0
            -122.377830,37.830445,0
          </coordinates>
        </LinearRing>
      </outerBoundaryIs>
    </Polygon>
  </Placemark>
  <Placemark>
    <name>Folder object 3 (Path)</name>
    <LineString>
      <tessellate>1</tessellate>
      <coordinates>
        -122.378009,37.830128,0 -122.377885,37.830379,0
      </coordinates>
    </LineString>
  </Placemark>
</Folder>
</kml>

OSMXML:

osm提供的xml矢量标记文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<osm version="0.6" generator="CGImap 0.0.2">
 <bounds minlat="54.0889580" minlon="12.2487570" maxlat="54.0913900" maxlon="12.2524800"/>
 <node id="298884269" lat="54.0901746" lon="12.2482632" user="SvenHRO" uid="46882" visible="true" version="1" changeset="676636" timestamp="2008-09-21T21:37:45Z"/>
 <node id="261728686" lat="54.0906309" lon="12.2441924" user="PikoWinter" uid="36744" visible="true" version="1" changeset="323878" timestamp="2008-05-03T13:39:23Z"/>
 <node id="1831881213" version="1" changeset="12370172" lat="54.0900666" lon="12.2539381" user="lafkor" uid="75625" visible="true" timestamp="2012-07-20T09:43:19Z">
  <tag k="name" v="Neu Broderstorf"/>
  <tag k="traffic_sign" v="city_limit"/>
 </node>
 ...
 <node id="298884272" lat="54.0901447" lon="12.2516513" user="SvenHRO" uid="46882" visible="true" version="1" changeset="676636" timestamp="2008-09-21T21:37:45Z"/>
 <way id="26659127" user="Masch" uid="55988" visible="true" version="5" changeset="4142606" timestamp="2010-03-16T11:47:08Z">
  <nd ref="292403538"/>
  <nd ref="298884289"/>
  ...
  <nd ref="261728686"/>
  <tag k="highway" v="unclassified"/>
  <tag k="name" v="Pastower Straße"/>
 </way>
 <relation id="56688" user="kmvar" uid="56190" visible="true" version="28" changeset="6947637" timestamp="2011-01-12T14:23:49Z">
  <member type="node" ref="294942404" role=""/>
  ...
  <member type="node" ref="364933006" role=""/>
  <member type="way" ref="4579143" role=""/>
  ...
  <member type="node" ref="249673494" role=""/>
  <tag k="name" v="Küstenbus Linie 123"/>
  <tag k="network" v="VVW"/>
  <tag k="operator" v="Regionalverkehr Küste"/>
  <tag k="ref" v="123"/>
  <tag k="route" v="bus"/>
  <tag k="type" v="route"/>
 </relation>
 ...
</osm>

WFS( web feature service):

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<wfs:FeatureCollection
   timeStamp="2010-08-01T22:47:02"
   numberMatched="4" numberReturned="4"
   xmlns:myns="http://www.someserver.example.com/myns"
   xmlns:wfs="http://www.opengis.net/wfs/2.0"
   xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2"
   xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.someserver.example.com/myns ./myns.xsd
                       http://www.opengis.net/wfs/2.0
                       http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/2.0.0/2.0/wfs.xsd
                       http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.2
                       http://schemas.opengis.net/gml/3.2.1/gml.xsd">
      <wfs:member>
         <myns:Feature gml:id="1">
         …
         </myns:Feature>
      </wfs:member>
      <wfs:member>
         <myns:Feature gml:id="2">
         …
         </myns:Feature>
      </wfs:member>
      <wfs:member>
         <myns:Feature gml:id="3">
         …
         </myns:Feature>
      </wfs:member>
      <wfs:member>
         <myns:Feature gml:id="4">
            <myns:Property1> … <myns:Property1>
            <myns:Property2> … <myns:Property2>
            <myns:Property3 xlink:href="#2"/>
            <myns:Property4>
               <myns:Feature gml:id="5">
               …
               </myns:Feature>
            </myns:Property4>
         </myns:Feature>
      </wfs:member>
</wfs:FeatureCollection>

GeoJSON

esri推出的要素格式

{
  "type": "Feature",
  "geometry": {
    "type": "Point",
    "coordinates": [125.6, 10.1]
  },
//Point, LineString, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon.
  "properties": {
    "name": "Dinagat Islands"
  }

TopoJSON

GeoJSON 按拓扑学编码后的扩展形式, TopoJSON与GeoJSON可互相转换：

{
    "type": "Topology", 
    "arcs": [ ], 
    "objects": {
        "test": {
            "type": "GeometryCollection", 
            "geometries": [
                {
                    "type": "Point", 
                    "coordinates": [
                        125.6, 
                        10.1
                    ], 
                    "properties": {
                        "name": "Dinagat Islands"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

EsriJSON

esri推出的要素格式

{
"geometryType": "points",
// points, polylines, polygons, envelopes and multi-points.
"spatialReference":{ "wkid" : 4326 },
// 使用EPSG编号
"features":{"x":-122.43, "y":49.2, "spatialReference":{"wkid":4326}}
// 要素对象
}

三、文献参考

https://www.cnblogs.com/asdlijian/p/13514178.html

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